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Thrush Nightingale, Luscinia luscinia, Näktergal, Sprosser

The Thrush Nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) called Näktergal in Skåne, also known as the Sprosser, is a small passerine bird that was formerly classed as a member of the thrush family Turdidae, but is now more generally considered to be an Old World flycatcher, Muscicapidae. It, and similar small European species, are often called chats.

It is a migratory insectivorous species breeding in forests in Europe and Asia and overwintering in Africa. The distribution is more northerly than the very closely related common nightingale, Luscinia megarhynchos, which it closely resembles in appearance. It nests near the ground in dense undergrowth.

The thrush nightingale is similar in size to the European robin. It is plain greyish-brown above and white and greyish-brown below. Its greyer tones, giving a cloudy appearance to the underside, and lack of the common nightingale's obvious rufous tail side patches are the clearest plumage differences from that species. Sexes are similar. It has a similar but more powerful song than that of the nightingale.

Distribution and habitat
The thrush nightingale is a migrant species. It breeds in eastern Europe and the western part of temperate Asia. Its northern limit of its summer range extends to Denmark, southern Norway and Sweden, the Baltic States, the Republic of Karelia, Kostroma, Vologda, Perm, Kazakhstan, Turkestan and Altai.

The southern limit extends from Austria and the Czech Republic, through Romania, Bulgaria, southern Russia, Ukraine, the Crimea and northern Caucasus. It overwinters in Africa south of the Sahara. It is an occasional visitor to the British Isles.

In its breeding range, the thrush nightingale is found in damp deciduous woodland typically with alder and birch. It favours thick undergrowth with brambles, dense shrubs and tangled vegetation in swampy places and near water. In its winter quarters it is found in dense patches of thorn bush, especially in valley bottoms near water courses, and sometimes in thick vegetation at the edge of woodland

Thrush Nightingale, Luscinia luscinia, Näktergal, Sprosser

Range map
Range map from www.oiseaux.net - Ornithological Portal Oiseaux.net
www.oiseaux.net is one of those MUST visit pages if you're in to bird watching. You can find just about everything there


Etymology
"Nightingale" is derived from "night", and the Old English galan, "to sing". The genus name Luscinia is Latin for the common nightingale.

Description
An adult thrush nightingale is about 16 centimetres long with a wingspan of approximately 18 centimetres. The head, nape and the whole of the upper parts of the thrush nightingale are dark brown with a slight olive tinge. The colour is much deeper than that of the nightingale and is not at all rufous.

The upper tail-coverts are less olivaceous and the tail feathers are dark rufous-brown. The lores and ear-coverts are brownish-black and the chin and throat are pale buff or whitish, mottled with brown, and are paler in colour than the nightingale. The sides of the throat are spotted brown and the pale feathers of the breast have brown central bands giving the breast a mottled appearance.

The under tail-coverts are buff, sometimes barred or marked with brown. The wing feathers and wing-coverts are dark brown and less rufous than the nightingale. The beak, legs and feet are brown and the irises are dark brown.

The sexes are similar to each other in appearance and the juveniles are darker and more mottled. There is a single moult in July and August at the end of the breeding season.

Length: 18 cm
Wingspan: 24-26 cm
Weight: 21-29 g
Longevity: 6 Years
Distinctive Feature
Similar Species
• Common Nightingale - Much duller and greyer than Common Nightingale.

From opus at www.birdforum.net the forum for wild birds and birding.


Thrush Nightingale, Luscinia luscinia, Näktergal, Sprosser
A singing male above and a juvenile below
By -- Donkey shot 16:00, 25. Nov. 2008 (CET) (C. Bobzin),
http://www.christofbobzin.de - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0 de,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=28128069


Voice
The sonograms of Luscinia luscinia and Luscinia megarhynchos singing help to distinguish these two species by voice definitely. The male's About this soundsong is loud, with a range of whistles, trills and clicks and includes a flute-like "pioo" with a pure bell-like tone.

Thrush Nightingale, Luscinia luscinia, Näktergal, Sprosser
The sonograms of Luscinia luscinia and Luscinia megarhynchos - full size, click HERE
singing help to distinguish these two species by voice definitely.
By Yu Moskalenko - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=52508982


Yu Moskalenko - Own work
Bioacoustic methods in ornithology help to solve a wide range of problems, for example the distinction between similar species of birds or bird species with quite similar voices, for remote monitoring of populations etc. The sonograms of Thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) and Common nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos) singing help to distinguish these two species by voice definitely.

Now we can compare my sonograms from Äspet Nature reserve and Ängavallen Hotel with the above sonograms and they are mostly like the Thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) and we can be sure I have heard the Thrush Nightingale


Thrush Nightingale, Luscinia luscinia, Näktergal, Sprosser
Thrush Nightingale sonogram from Ängavallen Hotel
Full lenth sonogram, click HERE


Thrush Nightingale, Luscinia luscinia, Näktergal, Sprosser
Thrush Nightingale sonogram from Ängavallen Hotel
Full lenth sonogram, click HERE


It is sometimes interrupted by a rasping "dserr" sound and is rather solemn as compared to that of the Nightingale. The song does not have that bird's loud whistling crescendo and is quite distinctive.

It is also sometimes sung in the bird's winter quarters. The call-note "whit" resembles that of the Nightingale but is higher pitched and more abrupt.

Listen to the Thrush Nightingale / Näktergal

Remarks from the Recordist

Recorded with my ZOOM H5 Handy recorder. High Pass Filter applied Audacity

I heard a bird in the bushes and I was thinking about the Tui I recorded on New Zealand. It was a very strange sound. I made the recording and it is a Thrush Nightingale.

Thanks to Nordöstra Skånes Fågelklubb www.spoven.com for helping me identify the Nightingale together with the Common Whitethroat that we can hear in the recording as well. We can also hear the Common Whitethroat in recording XC484744



Remarks from the Recordist

Recorded with my ZOOM H5 Handy recorder. High Pass Filter applied Audacity

I recorded the bird sitting in the bushes and I used my recording to try to get the bird out for a picture. But this bird really did not liked to be photographed. The bird was flying back and forth and I only got two pictures and none of them good enough to post here.



www.xeno-canto.org


Behaviour
The thrush nightingale feeds chiefly on the ground taking earthworms, spiders and the adults, larvae and pupae of insects such as beetles, small moths, ants and flies. In the autumn, the berries of currants (Ribes spp.) and elders (Sambucus spp.) are also eaten. Before crossing the Sahara on its migration, thrush nightingales build up their fat reserves.

It has been found experimentally that magnetic cues may stimulate the birds to do this. A simulation of the magnetic field found in northern Egypt encouraged birds preparing to migrate from Sweden to further build up their body fat.

The thrush nightingale breeds in damp forests, nesting on the ground, often in the middle of a bed of stinging nettles (Urtica dioica). The nest rests on a platform of dead leaves and is composed of dead grass stalks, bents (Agrostis spp.), sedges and stems, lined with finer material.

Thrush Nightingale, Luscinia luscinia, Näktergal, Sprosser
Eggs, Collection Museum Wiesbaden, Germany
By Klaus Rassinger und Gerhard Cammerer, Museum Wiesbaden - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=37245387


It is built by the female which lays four or five (occasionally six) eggs. These are a milky-blue colour, usually plain but sometimes with a slight speckling of rusty-brown and measure an average of 21.7 by 16.2 millimetres. The hen incubates the eggs which hatch in about thirteen days. The young are fed by both parents and fledge when about eleven days old, but are not fully independent for another twelve days or so.

Status
BirdLife International estimates that there are between eleven and twenty million thrush nightingales in Europe and that, as Europe forms somewhere between 50% and 74% of the bird's global range, the total world population may be between fifteen and forty one million individuals. In Europe the population seems to be increasingly slightly. The bird is considered to be of Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN.

Conservation status
Thrush Nightingale, Luscinia luscinia, Näktergal, Sprosser
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November 2013.



From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

www.birdforum.net


Sighted: (Date of first photo that I could use) 21 May 2019
Location: Ängavallen Hotel in Skåne, Sweden


Thrush Nightingale, Luscinia luscinia, Näktergal, Sprosser
Thrush Nightingale / Näktergal - Ängavallen Hotel in Skåne, Sweden - 21 May 2019



PLEASE! If I have made any mistakes identifying any bird, PLEASE let me know on my guestbook



       
                  



                                       

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